Optimal Fuel Consumption Modelling, Simulation, and Analysis for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper reviews the latest studies of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on modelling, controls, and energy management. HEV dynamics, formulas, calculations, schemes vehicle parts, such as battery, converter, motor, generator, Simulink models, are presented. Moreover, simulations propulsion operation, regenerative braking system, dynamics conducted. A comprehensive model is built that simulated different driving cycles Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP75), New York City Cycle (NYCC), Highway Fuel Economy (HWFET), Extra Urban Driving (EUDC). Data achieved from these were analysed tested with several fuel regression models to determine best estimation for consumption basis their weights tire radiuses. The equation obtained a determination coefficient R-squared greater than 99%. Lastly, optimal other HEVs prove our best-fit best.